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Could you convince people that DIRTY is CLEAN? Marketing / PR / Corporate Communications Could you convince people that DIRTY is CLEAN ? Corporate marketers with "coal, oil, gas , utility, and car" companies waged a multi-decade campaign to: " sabotage science " and " c onfuse the public & decision makers" . Oil companies " sought ... to burnish their reputations " as " environmental champions . ” ! The " greenwashing ... by airlines was notably subtle." “U.S. meat & dairy companies … spent millions ... downplaying " agricultural pollution. Gas companies paid for "massive PR campaigns to promote 'natural' gas as clean ." https://www.vox.com/climate/489487/billionaires-environmental-philanthropy Many companies use messaging to "imply ... their products are [ good ] for the Earth. " Public Relations Historical Events: Ivy Lee , Edward Bernays , and John Hill were public relations pioneers. Their connections with oil and mining companies go back at least as far as the L udlow Massacre in 1914 . When "smog" became a problem in Los Angeles ( 1946 ) fossil-fuel companies sponsored “research to ... shape public opinion. ” E. B. Harrison "made his mark in 1962 ". “The godfather of ‘ greenwashing '," recommended trying to "appear environmentally responsible" without lessening pollution output. 1971: A PR campaign introduced a new idea: “ littering ”. Money came from can and beverage companies plus Big Tobacco, who "developed programs with Keep America Beautiful ." More ideas : “ Solutions acceptable to the tobacco industry ” i.e., “v olunteer clean-ups and ashtrays." Keep America Beautiful tried to " divert responsibility " from those who "sell disposable products.” Some the world's biggest corporate polluters currently sponsor Keep America Beautiful : Pepsi, Nestle , DuPont , Marlboro , McDonalds , Heineken, Busch , Altria (cigarettes), Coca-Cola, etc. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In the 1990’s , the plastics "industry sold the public on an idea it knew wouldn't work - that plastic could be recycled." The industry has made billions selling new ("virgin") plastic. “The ads were paid for by ... companies like Exxon, Chevron, Dow, & DuPont." ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In the 2000's , the advertising firm, Ogilvy and Mather , revitalized the litter-is-your-fault idea. The oil-giant BP "promoted and ... popularized the term ‘carbon footprint’.” This was done “to cover up BP’s dirty tricks that flow from their oil business .” However, by 2020, the company did make an ( unsuccessful ) effort to transition to renewables. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- “Between 2005 and 2008 , the Koch's spent nearly $25 million" by using think-tanks : Supposedly "quasi-scholarly organizations", think-tanks wanted to "legitimize the right to pollute.” ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Big Oil (2008) blamed pollution on auto-makers and car-drivers: “ Improve your gas mileage ”. It's "important we reduce ... emissions." " Improving the efficiency of vehicles ... is one way.” bp footprint p r keep america beautiful 2019: a top consultant admitted regrets. “‘ I was wrong ’ Frank Luntz told a ... Senate ... panel.” Luntz helped Republicans. " He crafted talking points for the Koch brothers.” He had urged politicians to "emphasize a lack of scientific certainty around climate change.” 2020: Subaru is "hiding its slow progress on EVs behind ‘green’ marketing .” ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ They paid so-called conservation groups for marketing promotions, while resisting making EVs . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ A Subaru Senior Vice President of Marketing wrote they hope to “ Keep America ... Beautifu l .” Click on these two links to see which organizations hire PR firms, and which professionals get hired. Corporate consultants may "spread [dis-information] about electric vehicles . " Or tempt scientists to rebut legitimate , unbiased science . " What they did was immoral, ” doubting the dangers "when their own researchers were confirming how serious a threat it was." “Revelations about Exxon Mobil ’s campaign came from ... efforts to manipulate public opinion .” Professional P.R. firms try to influence desires and thereby - purchasing patterns. How do they do it? They don't try to "sell nicotine patches ... as a means to quit smoking". They imply the patches lead to happier "relationships, improved health, & longer life." Can you “spot the tricks Big Oil uses”?!? It ’ s not easy; usually it takes a trained eye. Examine this carefully worded item from an international oil company, claiming it: "has always put people at the center of the energy conversation. Because we understand that the well-being of people everywhere depends on energy.” Why choose those particular words? ? ? If it supports “ people ” , would it ever harm anyone - while pursuing profits? Is it really a (human) “ we ” ? Or a heartless bureaucratic corporate conglomerate? Who doesn't like "conversation "? Who doesn't want "energy ” ? If you hear these hucksters use the word, "energy ", assume you are being manipulated. This company "understands ". How many deaths are caused by this "understanding " organization? And it's concerned about "well-being "? As opposed to illnesses their real world product create for "people everywhere "? ********************************************************** Would you like to visit the fake world they portray? Perhaps at an Exxon-sponsored, Disney-World ride with video of/by Ellen DeGeneres, Jamie Lee-Curtis, and Bill Nye? “Yes, it existed .” What will they think of next? Phony " grass-roots movements ” are called " astro-turf ". Marketers "hire social media influencers to make cooking with gas stoves seem ... trendy, despite the indoor air pollution.” “The Petroleum Product Marketing course consists of 8 lessons.” Consumer "perception" can expand enthusiasm for a boycott. Marketing is intended to influence perception . How could marketing techniques be used to decrease polluting behaviors? "Accentuate the benefits " of "flying less, driving less, wasting less, having fewer children."

Pollution Boycott: You’re a good person. You care about the environment. ​​ How much pollution do you make? ​​​ Before you go further, find out. ​​ Boycott Pollution. Experience a better life. Home About Solutions Contact Don't Donate Local Curse Information Future Obituaries Government Economics Psychology Etc. More Home About Solutions Contact Don't Donate Local Curse Information Future Obituaries Government Economics Psychology Etc. Much More BOYCOTT POLLUTION You’re a good person. You care about the environment. How much pollution do you make? Before you go further, find out . Boycott Pollution. Experience a better life . Brighten The Weather Forecast The pollution problem is real, yet solutions are also real. British scientist Hannah Ritchie : “Change can happen – but not on its own. We need to drive it.” boycottpollution.org https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-annual-greenhouse-gas-index How to Boycott: 1. Look at the Questionnaires 2. Take on the Solutions 3. Make a Commitment 4. Tell Everyone Home About Solutions Contact Don't Donate Local Curse Information Future Obituaries Government Economics Psychology Etc. More

Boycott Endorsers Endorsers: link to website represents group endorsement [brackets indicate member of group, organizational affiliation not implied] John Beard, Founder and CEO wearepacan.com/community/home Port Arthur Community Action Network ( PACAN ) Julie Bergen Bruce Colville, Ed.D. Carleen Cullen cooltheearth.org Gwyn Dukes, M.A. Ed. Jack Fleck [350 Bay Area] Eszter Freeman, M.A. Ed. Jenny Freeman, M.F. T., R.E.A.T. Michael Giancola, M.F.T. Sherry Lester, Midwife, Phys. Asst. Harry R. Moody, Ph.D. Debbie Mytels [Peninsula Interfaith Climate Action] Yonatan Neril, R’ interfaithsustain.com/contact (The Interfaith Center for Sustainable Dev.) Annika Osborn cooltheearth.org David Page, M.A. Psych. Gail A. Price, M.A. Geography Susan Quinlan Linda Ray, Public Health Nurse (ret.) Connie Roser-Renouf, Phd. [Associate Professor, Center for Climate Change Communication] Matt Schlegel [Fridays for Future/Palo Alto] Brady Anne Seals, M.B.A. Dorothy Silver [Local 1021 - Climate-Justice Cmte.] Stephanie Troyan, M.A. Ed.

Say yes to a healthier, happier life with less pollution. Plus, tips on how to stay safe during extreme weather events. In Sickness & In Health Can you say yes to a healthier, happier life with less pollution ? Cleaner air would mean less: a sthma and bronchitis heart disease respiratory infections lung cancer tuberculosis emphysema chronic respiratory disease diabetes heart attacks and strokes kidney disease neurodegenerative diseases (i.e., dementia ) low birth weight infants reproductive ailments “all of which can lead to premature death ” "Scientists have ... found ... pollution traveling from a pregnant mother’s lungs into the placenta ." “To a disturbing extent, babies are [being] born ‘ pre-polluted .’ ” https://www.ccjm.org/content/90/4/221 Monitor your local air pollution with the Air Quality Index (AQI). It measures 5 "major pollutants ... ozone, particle pollution (called particulate matter), carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide." To find the current AQI near you, go to: airnow.gov Meat/Diet: Let's encourage everyone to be healthy: "You don't need to eat red meat to get ... essential nutrients ." "Red meat ... is associated with an increased risk of ... - cardiovascular disease, - colorectal cancer, and - type 2 diabetes." A vegan diet is a vegetarian diet without the dairy. Vegans have: - lower cholesterol - lower blood pressure and a - lower risk of heart disease and stroke For more on healthy eating visit the Food page. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Health_effects_of_pollution.png#/media/File:Health_effects_of_pollution.png The following tips are for safety and health during extreme weather events: Fires , Hurricanes , Floods , and Heat . Wildfire Preparedness: Firefighters risk their lives trying to keep us safe (see O bituaries page). We can assist them by following their advice ! Go to the website of Firefighters United for Safety, Ethics and Ecology. Scroll down to the What You Can Do section. “Fire-proof” your yard and home. Hurricanes : "Follow evacuation orders." Most hurricane-related deaths are from some type of flooding: Floods: " Review your evacuation plan so that you can leave quickly." " Plan and practice a flood evacuation route with your family: Don ’ t Drown, Turn Around! - Get your home ready - Create an emergency supply kit - Prepare a food and water supply" Heat: "Heat triggers respiratory distress ... cardiovascular events, disrupted sleep and impaired cognition ." Heat illnesses can kill . Not sure which heat illnesses are which? Find the details at this: site . Keep cool during extreme heat waves: - Find an air-conditioned building - "Don’t wait until you’re thirsty to drink" - And "drink more water than usual" Visit this link for more suggestions . For someone in serious distress, m ost advice includes the following: - Call 911 - Move to a cool place - Loosen clothes - Apply wet cloths or get in tub/shower - Sip water - Spray with a mist and stand near fan Trigger warning: the following links lead to disturbing photos / stories. In December of 2019, wildfires in Australia killed thousands of koala bears (seen in background photo) - often burning to death.

Polling Anonymous, informal, survey of 105 random people in Palo Alto. Poll conducted in person by David Page, daily, between 1/4/20 - 1/7/20. Questions were asked in a variety of Palo Alto, California, USA locations; respondents were allowed to read the written question as well as listen to it verbally. Questions were strictly open-ended; no prompts were given. Question1 What are, or will be, the worst consequences of the global atmosphere warming up? Question 2: What are the major causes of this heating of the climate? Question 3: How do individuals create pollution (your “Carbon Footprint”)? {most subjects gave multiple answers; totals will not add up to 100%} +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Question1 What are, or will be, the worst consequences of the global atmosphere warming up? 22% - “sea level rise/floods” 20% - “human mega-death / human death” 20% - “plant/animal species extinction” “eco-system/habitat/nature destruction” 12% - “losses of food/agriculture” 11% - “climate refugees/migration” 11% - “extreme weather disasters” 10% - “DON’T KNOW” 9% - “heat/drought” 7% - “fires” 5% - “children / next generation” 4% - “hoax / scam / conspiracy to create one world government” other - “disease / economic disaster / resource wars / destruction of infrastructure” ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Question 2: What are the major causes of this heating of the climate? 54% - “fossil-fuel pollution / CO2 emissions / greenhouse gases” 22% - “manufacturing/industry” “business/corporations” “lack of govt regulation” 12% - “cyclical / earth’s orbit / natural / NOT humans / scam/hoax / volcanoes” 11% - “cows/beef/diary” “meat/agriculture” “methane” 8% - “cars” 5% - “china/india” “big countries” 4% - “DON’T KNOW” 4% - “ozone” other “shipping/hvac/mining/plastics/garbage/airplanes/greed/deforestation/population” ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Question 3: How do individuals create pollution (your “Carbon Footprint”)? 54% - “litter/waste/garbage/plastics” “lifestyle/consumption/product purchases” 47% - “cars” 19% - “meat / food / diet” 13% - “shipping / transportation / travel” 11% - “airplanes” 9% - “hvac / electricity” 8% - “NOT fault of individuals” “corporations / factories / machines” 6% - “DON’T KNOW” 5% - “burning wood/garbage/trees/bushes” 4% - “cigarettes” 4% - “people don’t care / people don’t know” 3% - “aerosols” other - “fentanyl / scam / noise / coal/oil / greed” Parque_Nacional_das_Emas_Mario_Barroso_1-1.jpg

There are 8 pages in the Information section: FAQs, Good News, Personal Pollution Questionnaires, Library, True or False, In Sickness or In Health, Footprint, and Why Boycott Information "'My dad says climate change is a hoax'. ” - from Miseducation : How Climate Change is Taught in America F A Q's Why Boycott? Footprint In Sickness and In ... True?or?False Library Good News Pollution Questionnaires https://ourworldindata.org/energy-mix "The world’s largest oil companies … have forged dozens of … alliances with top U.S. universities . ” "Industry funding can … have a powerful distorting influence on ... academic research."

There’s nothing “natural” about “natural” gas; it’s really methane. With Extraction, Transportation, Processing, Utilization, and Abandonment​​, pollution is made every step of the way. G A S EXTRACTION Invisible pollutants come from "natural" gas extraction. Excess gas is openly burned ("flaring") at petroleum drill sites and refineries. “In the US, flaring intensity ... grew by 11% in 2023 … mostly due to unusually hot weather .” (see photo of flaring) “Studies have linked proximity to drilling to … asthma & leukemia .” by Tim Evanson https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Twilight_natural_gas_flare_-_Arnegard_North_Dakota_-_2013-07-06.jpg TRANSPORTATION The US government may pay to “reduce the risk of methane leakage ” via “emissions from high-risk and leak-prone older natural gas distribution pipes.” Why don’t gas companies use their own money to repair their own pipes? Photo of ruptured pipe: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heavily_damaged_gas_pipeline_segment.jpg Eugene Yakovenko PROCESSING A “natural” gas (methane) processing plant : © C.Stadler/Bwag; CC-BY-SA-4.0 Reports "found much higher rates of [ invisible ] leakage from "natural" gas infrastructure than previously known .” Methane invisible to the naked eye can be seen using infrared cameras. See these two photos: Attribution: Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2020 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_three-tiered_approach_for_methane_detection_ESA25093411.jpg “Besides benzene, a carcinogen, [processing plant] emissions may include toluene, hydrogen sulfide and xylene.” Fenceline “communities have for decades shouldered a disproportionate burden of fossil fuel pollution and residents paid dearly with their health .” UTILIZATION Gas-fired electrical-power plants (photo below) continue to be built. “The Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities approved new long- term supply contracts [for] ‘natural’ gas … through May 2030.” https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fox_Energy_Center,_Kaukauna,_WI.jpg In 2024, the E.P.A. delayed limiting " harmful air pollutants” from gas plants. In 2025, the E.P.A. proposed repealing the pollution-limiting rule altogether. ABANDONMENT When wells run out, they often get neglected - causing additional pollution . The EPA estimat ed vacant "wells leaked ... 263,000 tons of methane ” (2019). https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abandoned_gas_well_pump_(cropped).jpg “Unplugged oil and gas wells are … known to release benzene ... as well as leak other hazardous chemicals like uranium and lead.” “ Companies are responsible for plugging and cleaning up wells, but many of those companies … went bankrupt , no longer exist, or the owner died.”

The Economics section has 8 pages: Cars, Inequality, Jobs, Travel/Tourism, Investments/Profits, Agribusiness, Fossil-Fuel Companies, plus the Costs & Rebates page Economics / Finance / Business Jobs Cars Air travel Inequality Agribusiness Costs, Rebates, etc. Fossil Fuel Companies Investments and Profits For an un-clean business-plan flow-chart, scroll below. A Business Plan (flow-chart) for monetizing pollution: Fossil-fuel companies look for coal/gas/oil. Deposit is suspected - go below v If nothing likely - go to the right > They dig or drill or virtually explore, to find an accumulation of fossil fuel. If a deposit is found v If no deposit > If the deposit may be "rich", they ask investors for up-front money. If no investors agree to give $ > If investors provide funds v With investor cash, they buy rights to where the fossil-fuel is. Go below v If unable to purchase rights > Drilling/fracking/mining operations are set up. If fossil fuel is unearthed v If unable to obtain the material > After extraction, the raw material gets transported for processing. Assume no major problems v If unable to transport > After processing, the product is transported to a "buyer/purchaser". Sell product to "buyer" v No one wants to buy the product > Nothing thought to be there. Start over. Look elsewhere. No deposit found - go above ^ Unable to come up with funding for the project. Return to beginning ^ Without rights from government officials, project is stymied ... Corrupt payments, lawsuits, or intimidation could be tried ... Otherwise, go above ^ Can logistics problem be resolved? If so, return to left < If not, argue with investors about how to split financial losses ^ If transportation problems are unsolvable ^ An odd situation, but one could sell it at a loss. Go two steps up ^ "Buyers" burn the fuel in order to accomplish a profitable task (or sell to customers to burn). If goes as planned v If consumers won't pay > Consumers pay the "buyer" for the services/item v Citizens refuse to buy the services/item > Consumers don't pay as expected. The price could be dropped and sold at a loss ^ Or the buyer may try again later, when economic factors change. People don't pay because of unusual situation (i.e., pandemic) ^ People don't pay because of moral commitment to boycott pollution v Pollution goes into the atmosphere as a by-product of the burning; plants, animals, & people suffer and/or die. Go back to the beginning to repeat the business cycle ^ Or … boycott > Boycott disrupts this scenario. Fossil-fuels stay in the ground. Investors lose $, corporations go bankrupt, employees lose jobs. Lives are saved, investors place ($) bets on different businesses, employees try to find other work. Other options to stop the toxic madness: Appeal to investors, boards of directors, and corporate CEO’s to stop seeking pollution-oriented profits? Ask political leaders to refuse campaign contributions from pollution-profiteering companies? Ask government leaders to make profits from pollution illegal? Ask voters to vote for candidates who will prohibit pollution? Ask polluting companies to no longer lobby political leaders? Ask them to stop using ads to convince people to ignore pollution? Ask commercial media owners to no longer accept those commercials? Ask workers in pollution-related jobs to go on strike until company bosses put the company out of business by leaving the fossil-fuel where it sits (and thereby laying off all the workers)??? Visit a Fantasy Business Story Or join a boycott of pollution? Investors have already moved some money into renewables. Will they be rewarded, or will they lose their green bet ? It depends upon consumers like you and me.

Airports, airlines, airplanes, air pollution ... just say no! Measure your current pollution production: with the questionnaire s . 3. Airports, airlines, airplanes, air pollution ... just say no This could be the biggest cut to your emissions ! Each person flying coach creates approximately one pound of CO2 per mile (similar to a car). Is taking that flight , with the accompanying killer pollution , absolutely necessary ? Jet engines burn a lot of kerosene and emit nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and soot - plus the CO2. Also, “ research has ... linked ultrafine particles from aircraft to health problems ." Most airlines offer passengers a way to offset the pollution, but: “ Offsets 'do almost nothing to tackle the emissions from flying ' ,” said Scott Kirby, CEO of United Airlines . https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:McDonnell_Douglas_MD2_scrapped_2.jpg#/media/File:McDonnell_Douglas_MD-82_scrapped_2.jpg Are others staying " on the ground "? Sure; here's how: Zoom and other apps are available for video-calls. If you’re not in a hurry, Amtrak has some great views of the USA. Some of the photos on this site were taken from a train window. For more on train travel, see The Man in Seat 61 . And for shorter trips, why not the bus ? Or try out your new EV: tips-for-your-summer-ev-road-trip To see brief stories from non-flyers, plus other good news , go to flightfree.org . trains 'n' buses An airplane in the the sky is pollution in the sky . For more on airplanes, see the travel/tourism page.

Skip the beef.​ It’s not difficult. ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ Have you been to the calculator page ? 5. Healthy eating Skip the beef. It’s not difficult . " Beef is the most carbon-intensive food because of the sheer amount of plant food needed to raise a cow ... Cows create lots of methane . " For more on BEEF , go to beef-and-climate , also see the Agribusiness page. "Meat and dairy account for ... 14.5% of the world’s greenhouse gases ." For more on DAIRY : nrdc.org and Inside Climate News Palm oil production causes damage – "to forests, climate, people and endangered species ." For P ALM OIL info : environmental impact and human rights Regarding CHOCOLATE , some sources are better than others: chocolatescorecard visit: The Good Shopping Guide , or Fairtrade America . COFFEE isn't always for the best. Check out fair trade options: Fair Trade . Exercise, drink plenty of fluids. For more health tips: healthy-habits . https://ourworldindata.org/obesity#all-charts “What we should be scared of is ... cheeseburgers .” "Meat consumption is linked to ... health issues.” Food waste "went straight to landfill, incineration, down the drain, or was simply left in the fields to rot." "Food waste in America ... is now estimated to be 30 - 40% of [our] entire food supply." For food scraps and composting advice: Garden-Compost-Tips, or Compost-Heap . https://ourworldindata.org/environmental-impacts-of-food Search "10 ways to avoid food waste ". Also : farmers markets near me . In 1971, Frances Moore Lappe wrote the book, Diet for a Small Planet , which noted that "world hunger is not caused by a lack of food", but rather by inequality. She argued in favor of environmental vegetarianism , which can lessen " biodiversity loss , pollution, deforestation , unsustainability , and the [mis]use of water and land." For more on famine go to the Death page.

One major eco/human/environmental event is listed for each year since 1955. Timeline of Pollution-related Events (since I was born) 1955 - Whiting, Indiana; Oil refinery "explosion crushed nearby houses ... and hurtled steel fragments into nearby homes.” 1956 - The Federal-Aid Highway Act becomes law. There were 625 billion Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT of cars and trucks). The average U.S. vehicle got around 15 Miles Per Gallon of gasoline (MPG). Today those numbers are: 3,25O billion VMT and 25 MPG. [figures approximate] 1957 - Springhill [ coal ] mining disaster; “a huge blast” “39 miners died, and 88 were rescued”. 1958 - Keeling CO2 observations begin; Charles David Keeling starts atmospheric measurements of carbon dioxide . Present day CO2 [ pollution ] levels are more than 30% higher than in 1958. 1959 - Canadian govern ment approves Project Oilsand; “to exploit the Alberta [tar] oil sands using... nuclear explosives ”. Project Oilsand was cancelled. Currently, “Canada ... supplies nearly 1 million barrels [of oil] per day to the USA”. 1960 - World population reaches 3 billion; 2025 pop. estimate : over 8,000,000,000. 1961 - The World Wildlife Fund founded; to preserve endangered species and natural wildlife habitats. In 1937, 66 percent of the world was wilderness; today 33 percent of terrestrial areas are “wild”. 1962 - 28 natural disasters worldwide for that year. The 21st century averages 350 natural disasters annually. 1963 - Hurricane Flora kills at least 7,193; near the Cape Verde Islands. 1964 - Wilderness Act signed; The Wilderness Act protects 9.1 million acres of U.S. federal land. 1965 - Unsafe at Any Speed published; “ Ralph Nader ’s book charged car manufacturers [with a] reluctance to spend money on improving safety ... In response to Nader's criticisms, GM attempted to sabotage Nader's reputation”. 1966 - “Associated Milk Producers Inc. paid at least $91,691 ... to support Hubert H. Humphrey's presidential campaign”; “Two former officials of the [ cow ] milk producers pleaded guilty ... to conspiring to donate $22,000”. 1967 - Resignation of Leo Landreville; “Northern Ontario Natural Gas was ... involved in a stock trading scandal that implicated the Supreme Court of Ontario judge, three Central Ontario mayors, and three members of {the} Premier 's cabinet”. 1968 - Club of Rome founded; “problems … [such as] environmental deterioration [ pollution ] , poverty, endemic ill-health, urban blight, criminality ... are interrelated”. 1969 - Jock Yablonski murdered; “Yablonski clashed with Tony Boyle [President of the United Mine Workers] ... He believed that Boyle ... was too cozy with the [ coal ] mine owners.” 1970 - Muammar Gaddafi takes over as Libya's premier. OPEC nations, following Gaddafi, renegotiate contracts with international oil companies; “leading to a global increase in the price of crude oil.” 1971 - Qatar gains independence from Britain; Qatar is #4 in the world in natural gas reserves, #14 in oil reserves. 1972 - Ford decides not to fix car defect; “A design improvement ... was valued at $0.03 [per vehicle], but the improvement was rejected by Ford ... 777 accidents occurred as a result of the defect.” 1973 - OAPEC starts oil embargo ; by the end of the embargo in March 1974, the price of oil had risen nearly 300%. 1974 - Testimony given re GM’s conspiracy conviction; San Francisco mayor ... Joseph Alioto testified ... that [ car maker] General Motors “carried on a deliberate concerted action with the oil companies and tire companies … for the purpose of destroying ... electric rapid transit". 1975 - Peter Singer‘s Animal Liberation published ( A New Ethics for Our Treatment of Animals ); Beyond concern for the plight of animals, Singer also criticized the U.S. “for receiving oil from countries run by dictators ... who pocket most of the financial gains, thus keeping the people in poverty." 1976 - Lockheed executives resign; “Lockheed ... admitted paying ... bribes ... to [encourage officials to] buy ... airplanes ”. 1977 - Trans-Alaska Pipeline opens; Built partly in response to the 1973 oil crisis , which caused a sharp rise in oil prices. To date it has shipped more than 17 billion barrels of oil . 1978 - Exxon researches global warming; [ oil ] executives heard from an Exxon scientist that carbon dioxide released by burning fossil fuel could eventually warm the planet to a catastrophic degree. 1979 - the 1979 Oil Shock; “caused by a drop in oil production in the wake of the Iranian Revolution … raised the price of crude oil drastically over the next 12 months”. 1980 - Iraq invades Iran; “Iraq had planned to annex Iran's oil -rich Khuzestan Province ... around 500,000 Iraqi and Iranian soldiers died over the course of the war”. 1981 - Iran releases US hostages; following the overthrow of the US-friendly, oil -wealthy, dictator Shah Pahlavi in 1979, students took 52 Americans hostage. 1982 - The constitution of Equatorial Guinea gives its president ... extensive powers; “He is widely suspected of using the country's oil wealth to enrich himself … in the top 12 list of most corrupt states ” "torture, beatings, unexplained deaths and illegal detention.” 1983 - Australia coal exports go over 50 million metric tons; As of 2011, it has exported more than 275 million tons, much of it to Japan and China, using 40,000 workers. 1984 - Peabody acquires the West Virginia coal mines of Armco ; it has “customers in more than 25 nations on six continents”. 1985 - Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer signed; “HCFC production [took] off after countries agreed to phase out ... CFCs ... HCFCs are used for refrigeration … and air conditioning.” Unfortunately, “HCFCs are very potent greenhouse gases ”. See the Chemicals page. 1986 - Charles Hurwitz acquires Pacific Lumber Company ; “doubles its rate of timber harvesting as a means of paying off the acquisition cost. This enraged environmentalists and drew attention from government agencies because of the use of junk bond s.” 1987 - St. James Parish of St. Gabriel, Louisiana , becomes known as “Cancer Alley”; Cancer Alley is one of the most well known U.S. environmental sacrifice zones. [ pollution ] 1988 - Chico Mendes murdered; “Mendes was a Brazilian rubber tapper , trade union leader and environmentalist . He fought to preserve the Amazon rain forest , and advocated for human rights. ” 1989 - Exxon Valdez oil spill; “considered the worst oil spill worldwide in terms of damage to the environment”. 1990 - Iraq invades Kuwait; “ Iraq accused Kuwait of stealing Iraqi petroleum [ oil ] .” 1991 - Kazakhstan declares independence ; “ Kazakhstan's human rights situation is poor." It is "the most dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil and gas industry.” 1992 - "150,000 coal miners march in London to protest ... plans to close coal mines and reduce the number of coal miners." 1993 - Ecuadorians sue Texaco; “local residents, including five different Amazonian tribes ... say that the oil company knowingly dumped 18bn gallons of toxic waste water and spilled 17m gallons of crude oil into the rain forest .” 1994 - Norwegian voters reject joining the European Union ; “partly because Norway has an economy based on oil . There are large oil and gas reserves in Norway’s territorial waters.” 1995 - Ken Saro-Wiwa hanged; “Nigerian Ken Saro-Wiwa led a nonviolent campaign against environmental degradation ... especially the Royal Dutch Shell [ oil ] company.” 1996 - Racist [ oil ] executives recordings revealed; “In the glare of scandal, Texaco ... signed what may be the largest settlement of a racial discrimination lawsuit”. 1997 - Julia "Butterfly" Hill begins tree-sit; to stave off Pacific Lumber Co. loggers who were clear-cutting [ forests ] . 1998 - Oprah Winfrey wins mad cow lawsuit; “at least 10 people ... died ... from eating beef contaminated when cattle were fed ... the wastes of slaughtered cattle.” 1999 - Vladimir Putin becomes Prime Minister of Russia; “ oil and gas constitute the majority of Russian exports ... Human rights organizations and activists accuse Putin of persecuting ... critics and activists as well as ordering them tortured or assassinated.” 2000 - The World Bank releases study of the environment; “ gas flaring in the Niger Delta ... releases about 35 million tons of [CO2] and 12 million tons of methane each year.” 2001 - US Department of Agriculture (USDA) approves [Pink Slime] for limited human consumption; Pink Slime is a food additive to ground beef and beef-based processed meats … prepared using ammonia gas, [it] is banned for human consumption in the European Union . 2002 - Chinese deaths from coal mining accidents peak at 6,995; “ Air pollution in China kills 750,000 people every year, according to a study by the World Bank.” 2003 - USDA bans the slaughter of downer cattle for human food ; “ bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), which often makes infected cattle downers, was found in two North American cows .” 2004 - The U.S. Iraq Survey Group issues its Final Report; "The ISG has not found ... that Saddam [Hussein] possessed WMD.” During the invasion, Deputy Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz had “told the House Appropriations Committee that oil "revenue ... would pay for Iraq's reconstruction.” 2005 - Massive chemical spill in Harbin, China; “About 100 tons ... spilled into the river [from] a petrol chemical plant ... Benzene is a compound found in gasoline ." 2006 - Enron trial starts; “formed in 1985 by Kenneth Lay after merging Houston Natural Gas ." “ indictment covered a broad range of financial crimes”. 2007 - Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow becomes president of Turkmenistan; “has the world's fourth largest reserves of natural gas ... one of the world’s most repressive countries”. 2008 - Josh Fox receives an ... offer to lease his ... land ... for $100,000 to drill for gas ; “He makes a film about his experience, ‘Gasland’.” "Gasland patiently and powerfully outlines alarming problems with modern fuel extraction -- and the horrific public health risks”. 2009 - President Barack Obama announces ... an agreement to combat global warming; “the U.S., China, India, Brazil, and South Africa reached an ... accord ... for monitoring pollution reduction”. World-wide greenhouse pollution levels rose every year in the decade that followed. 2010 - BP oil spill; “the oil drilling rig Deepwater Horizon...exploded and sank resulting in the death of 11 workers ... and the largest spill ... of marine oil drilling operations.” 2011 - $10,825,368 fine against Massey coal company}; “the largest monetary penalty imposed by the US Mine Safety and Health Administration ... resulting ... from 369 citations.” 2012 - US Congressional Research Service report - Offshoring of Airline Maintenance; “slipshod work done by overseas repair shops … —unlicensed mechanics, workers who don’t speak English, and poor workmanship—are also present at some of these private American repair shops.” 2013 - China announces the Belt and Road initiative; “a global infrastructure development strategy” “China is building or planning more than 300 coal plants in places as widely spread as Turkey, Vietnam, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Egypt and the Philippines.” 2014 - ISIS declares Califate; ISIS taking "control of Mosul ... taking Tikrit and oil facilities in Baiji”. 2015 - The Volkswagen Group accused of “violations”; “The scandal raised awareness over the higher levels of pollution emitted by all diesel-powered vehicles from a wide range of car makers.” 2016 - The documentary film Company Town released; “the film alleges that improper waste disposal ... caused a cluster of cancer incidents in the area around the Georgia-Pacific Paper mill” (owned by Koch Industries) “Georgia‐Pacific ... has acquired more than a million acres of prime timber land”. 2017 - US State Department ... releases revised historical account of the CIA’s involvement in the 1953 Iranian coup d’etat; “Iran's oil was the central focus of the coup, for both the British and the Americans.” 2018 - Crash of Lion Air Flight 610; “corporate greed ... corrupted the process from ... when the 737-MAX program was launched. [Boeing] engineers ... complained of unrealistic deadline pressures while top managers ... more alert to Wall Street than airline safety, gave priority to stock buybacks and shareholder returns.” 2018 - Murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi; members of the Saudi hit team were closely connected to Mohammed bin Salman , the crown prince … Khashoggi had wanted "to talk about ... the political prisoners, freedom of speech, human rights" in the oil -rich Kingdom. 2019 - Alfred Brownell awarded the Goldman prize; “because of his protecting more than 500,000 acres of tropical forests from palm oil production . After receiving death threats as a result of his work, he and his family fled Liberia.” 2020 -12 Rangers and 5 other people killed in ... the Democratic Republic of Congo; “connected to hunting for bushmeat, illegal fishing & logging [ timber ] , and poaching”. 2021 - [ pollution ] A p lan passed by the US House of Representatives to coerce utilities to use renewable energy, (the Clean Electricity Payment Program) is scuttled by Republicans and Joe Manchin (D), West Virginia, in the US Senate. 2022 - The US Supreme Court rules that the Environmental Protection Agency will be restricted (from now on) in using its "authority to adopt broad regulations to combat" green-house-gas pollutants . 2023 - Computer data centers electricity usage jumps 55% and is expected to rise further as Artificial Intelligence programs become more popular. Big Oil " wants to help ". [ pollutants ] 2024 - U.S. voters elect Republicans to majorities in both houses of Congress, and to the nation’s Presidency. Republicans will defund anti-pollution federal tax credits . 2025 - Dam holding liquid toxic mining waste collapses in Zambia. Chinese mine owners enlist help from local officials and the Chinese Communist Party to harass/threaten international journalists in order to suppress the story. [ pollutants ] respice finem

Compare national fossil-fuel output with world rankings for human rights. World rankings for Fossil Fuel output and Human Rights Listed below are world rankings for export sales of: oil, gas, and coal followed by 3 human-rights indices --- civil liberties, freedom of the press, level of democracy Russia : oil #2, gas #2, coal #7 --- not free, difficult situation, authoritarian regime Saudi Arabia : oil #3, gas #8 --- not free, very serious situation, authoritarian regime Iraq : oil #4 --- not free, very serious situation, authoritarian regime China : oil #6, gas #6, coal #1 --- not free, very serious situation, authoritarian regime United Arab Emirates : oil #7 --- not free, difficult situation, authoritarian regime Iran : oil #8, gas #3 --- not free, very serious situation, authoritarian regime Kuwait : oil #9 --- partly free, noticeable problems, authoritarian regime Kazakhstan : oil #12, coal #11 --- not free, difficult situation, authoritarian regime Qatar : oil #14, gas #4 --- not free, difficult situation, authoritarian regime Turkmenistan : gas #10 --- not free, very serious situation, authoritarian regime Oil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_production Gas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_production Coal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_coal_production Human Rights https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_freedom_indices. Freedom in the World Green - Free Yellow - Partly Free Purple - Not Free By ProjectHorizons - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=115691166 By Karte: NordNordWest, Lizenz: Creative Commons by-sa-3.0 de, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=104022150 2021 Press Freedom Index Good - Dark Blue Satisfactory - Light Blue Problematic - Yellow Difficult - Light Red Very serious - Dark Red By JackintheBox - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=99565223 Democracy Index Full Democracies - Dark Green Flawed Democracies - Light Green Hybrids - Light Yellow Authoritarian Regimes - Orange Full Authoritarian Regimes - Dark Red